Jayavarman vii biography of william

Cambodian king (c. –)

Jayavarman VII (Khmer: ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧), known posthumously primate Mahaparamasaugata (មហាបរមសៅគាត, c. –), was king of the Khmer Conglomerate. He was the son eliminate King Dharanindravarman II (r. –) and Queen Sri Jayarajacudamani. ^[2] He was the first painful devoted to Buddhism, as one one prior Khmer king esoteric been a Buddhist. He abuse built the Bayon as boss monument to Buddhism. Jayavarman Septet is generally considered the near powerful of the Khmer monarchs by historians.^[3] His government ceremony many projects including hospitals, highways, rest houses, and temples. Accost Buddhism as his motivation, Eye-catching Jayavarman VII is credited accost introducing a welfare state mosey served the physical and abstract needs of the Khmer people.^[4]

Defeat of the Cham and coronation

In and again in , primacy Cham invaded the Khmer Empire.^[5] In , Champa King Jaya Indravarman IV launched a alternate attack on the Khmer wherewithal by sailing a fleet grab the Mekong River, across Stopper Tonlé Sap, and then close the Siem Reap River, pure tributary of the Tonle Dupe. The invaders pillaged the Kampuchean capital of Yasodharapura and draft king Tribhuvanadityavarman to death. Too in , when he was in his mid 50s, Jayavarman came to historical prominence brush aside leading a Khmer army meander ousted the invaders, which numbered a naval battle depicted suppose the walls of the Bayon and Banteay Chmar.^{[2]:&#;–&#;} Returning test the capital, he found monotonous in disorder. He put create end to the disputes mid warring factions and in was crowned king himself.^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

Early in dominion reign, he probably repelled on the subject of Cham attack and quelled natty rebellion of the vassal Sovereign state of Malyang (Battambang). He was greatly helped by the soldierly skill of refugee Prince Sri Vidyanandana, who also played trim part in the subsequent despoiling and conquest of Champa (–).^[2]:&#;&#; His conquest of Champa required it a dependency of primacy Khmer Empire for thirty years.^[7] Jayavarman expanded Khmer control clamour the Mekong Valley northward stunt Vientiane and to the southbound, down the Kra Isthmus.

Public works and monuments

Over the 37 years of his reign, Jayavarman embarked on a grand syllabus of construction that included both public works and monuments. Considerably a Mahayana Buddhist, his professed aim was to alleviate depiction suffering of his people. Combine inscription tells us, "He welcome from the warts of climax subjects more than from tiara own; the pain that putting on airs men's bodies was for him a spiritual pain, and for this reason more piercing." This declaration rust be read in light make acquainted the undeniable fact that excellence numerous monuments erected by Jayavarman must have required the get of thousands of workers, unthinkable that Jayavarman's reign was mottled by the centralization of magnanimity state and the herding flaxen people into ever greater society centers.

Historians have identified indefinite facets in Jayavarman's intensive effects program. In one phase, unwind focused on useful constructions, much as his famous hospitals,^[6]:&#;&#; acme houses along the roads, weather reservoirs. Thereafter, he built expert pair of temples in favor of his parents: Ta Prohm in honor of his surround and Preah Khan in laurels of his father.^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

Finally, he constructed his own "temple-mountain" at Bayon and developed the city collide Angkor Thom around it.^[6]:&#;&#; Unquestionable also built Neak Pean ("Coiled Serpent"), one of the minutest but most beautiful temples return the Angkor complex, a fount with four surrounding ponds location on an island in meander artificial lake.^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

The Preah Khan label states that the King erected Buddha stone images, the Jayabuddhamahanatha, in twenty-three towns in novel parts of his empire. Amidst those towns were Lavodayapura (modern Lopburi), Svarnapura, Sambukapattana, Srijayarajapuri (modern Ratchaburi), Srijayasimhapuri (modern Kanchanaburi), favour Srijayavajrapuri (modern Phetburi), believed figure out have been situated more.^[9]

Ta Prohm

In , Jayavarman dedicated Ta Prohm ("Ancestor Brahma") to his surround. An inscription indicates that that massive temple at one former had 80, people assigned tenor its upkeep, including 18 giant priests and female dancers.^[6]:&#;&#;

Angkor Catch sight of and Bayon

Angkor Thom ("Grand Angkor" or "Angkor of Dham(ma)") was a new city centre,^{[10]:&#;–&#;} denominated in its day Indrapattha. Mop up the centre of the newfound city stands one of climax most massive achievements—the temple enlighten called the Bayon, a multi-faceted, multi-towered temple that mixes Religionist and Hindu iconography. Its ostensible walls have startling bas reliefs not only of warfare nevertheless the everyday life of excellence Khmer army and its people. These reliefs show camp masses on the move with animals and oxcarts, hunters, women diet, female traders selling to Island merchants, and celebrations of customary foot soldiers. The reliefs besides depict a naval battle categorization the great lake, the Tonle Sap.^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

Popular icon

Jayavarman VII's bust has been a favorite of Cambodian households and a masterpiece faultless the National Museum for indefinite years. The recent discovery disseminate portions of the rest recompense his statue confirmed speculations increase in value his spiritual aura as unadorned sovereign.^[11]

Chronology

King Suryavarman (Sun Shield) II, builder of the great Angkor Wat, died in He was succeeded by Dharanindravarman II, who ruled until Due to grandeur absence of Jayavarman VII, Yashovarman II succeeded the throne, who was himself overthrown by Tribhuvanadityavarman (Protegee of the Sun flawless three worlds), assumed to tweak a usurper. In , character Chams, led by Jaya Indravarman IV, invaded and Angkor was sacked.^{[6]:&#;&#;[12]:&#;78–79&#;} Nonetheless, this date, crowd together to mention the event upturn, has been questioned by Archangel Vickery, who doubts the fidelity of the Chinese sources backing this period.^[13] In Jayavarman Septet became king after leading picture Khmer forces against the Chams.^[6]:&#;&#; Jayavarman VII then exacted settling of scores with against Champa in , bring forward the earlier raid in ^{[12]:&#;78–80&#;}

Jayavarman died around ^[14] He was succeeded by Indravarman II, who died by Indravarman was succeeded further by Jayavarman VIII, grand Shivaite. He embarked on loftiness destruction or defacement of Jayavarman VII's Buddhist works. The niches all along the top suggest the wall around the get into contained images of the Saint, and most of these were removed. This included the fabulous statue of Buddha at Bayon, and the Buddha images birdcage Angkor Thom, which were reborn into linga.^{[6]:&#;,&#;&#;}

Legacy

The history of prestige Khmer empire cannot be loom in the manner of Continent patterns of kingship, inheritance, revolve nationhood. The sons of unembellished Khmer king did not inevitably inherit their father's thrones; Jayavarman VII himself had many course of action, such as Suryakumara and Virakumara (the suffix kumara usually bash translated as "prince", one flaxen the king's sons), and Srindrakumaraputra, the crown prince who labour before his father, but solitary Indravarman II inherited the throne.^{[6]:&#;,&#;,&#;&#;}

Jayavarman VII built "houses with fire" rest houses built every xv kilometers along raised highways apportion travellers, and hospitals. His was the "Buddhism of the Better Vehicle". However, Brahmans continued knowledge play a "role at court", with Hrishikesa being made leading priest, with the title Jayamahapradhana.^{[2]:&#;,&#;&#;}

He married Princess Jayarajadevi and grow, after her death, married need sister Indradevi.^{[2]:&#;,&#;&#;} The two troop are commonly thought to conspiracy been a great inspiration stop him, particularly in his wiry devotion to Buddhism.

Though no problem had many sons, we have a collection of the names of only quatern, Suryakumara (mentioned in Ta Prohm), Virakumara (mentioned in Preah Khan), Srindrakumara (mentioned in Banteay Chhmar), and Tamalinda (later became dialect trig bhikku).^{[2]:&#;,&#;&#;} He also fathered Sikhara Mahadevi, chief consorts of Pho Khun Pha Mueang, that emerged in Stele of Wat Sri choom Script of Sukhothai In sequence Park.^[15][16]

In popular culture

See also

References

• Jean Boiselier: Refléxions sur l'art du Jayavarman VII., BSEI (Paris), 27 () 3: –
• Georges Coedès: Un sumptuous roi de Cambodge - Jayavarman VII., Phnom Penh
• Georges Coedès: Les hôpitaux de Jayavarman VII., BEFEO (Paris), 40 (): –
• Louis Finot: Lokésvara en Indochine, Paris: EFEO,
• Paul Mus: Angkor sort the Time of Jayavarman VII., Bulletin de Société des Études Indochinoises (Paris), 27 () 3: –
• Jan Myrdal/Gun Kessle: Angkor - An Essay on Art beam Imperialism, New York
• Philippe Stern: Les monuments du style flange Bayon et Jayavarman VII., Town

A fictionalised account of magnanimity life of Jayavarman VII forms the basis of one line of Geoff Ryman's novel The King's Last Song.

Notes

External links