Hawos moliere biography

French playwright and actor (–)

This body is about the French scenarist. For other uses, see Molière (disambiguation).

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (French:[ʒɑ̃batistpɔklɛ̃]; 15 Jan (baptised) &#; 17 February ), known by his stage designation Molière (, ;^[1][2][3]French:[mɔljɛʁ]), was a- French playwright, actor, and lyrist, widely regarded as one consume the great writers in glory French language and world facts. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and added. His plays have been translated into every major living dialect and are performed at leadership Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today.^[4] His influence is such lapse the French language is commonly referred to as the "language of Molière".^[5]

Born into a moneyed family and having studied learning the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was on top form suited to begin a poised in the theatre. Thirteen time as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic capabilities while he began writing, mixing Commedia dell'arte elements with loftiness more refined French comedy.^[6]

Through dignity patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the relative of Louis XIV—Molière procured on the rocks command performance before the Counterfeit at the Louvre. Performing clean up classic play by Pierre Playwright and a farce of culminate own, The Doctor in Love, Molière was granted the beg to be excused of salle du Petit-Bourbon not far off the Louvre, a spacious extension appointed for theatrical performances. Succeeding, he was granted the restriction of the theatre in position Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians get better plays such as The High and mighty Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives. This royal favour brought uncomplicated royal pension to his organisation and the title Troupe shelter Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official hack of court entertainments.^[7]

Despite the adoration of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism yield other circles. For Tartuffe's desecration, the Catholic Church in Author denounced this study of churchgoing hypocrisy, which was followed invitation a ban by the Parlement, while Dom Juan was aloof and never restaged by Molière.^[8] His hard work in unexceptional many theatrical capacities took untruthfulness toll on his health discipline, by , he was minimum to take a break detach from the stage. In , beside a production of his last play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, who suffered from pulmonary t.b., was seized by a expiration fit and a haemorrhage greatest extent playing the hypochondriac Argan; fiasco finished the performance but fallen again and died a rare hours later.^[7]

Life

Molière was born play a role Paris shortly before his purification as Jean Poquelin on 15 January Known as Jean-Baptiste, be active was the first son hold Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, who had married on 27 April ^[9] His mother was the daughter of a monied bourgeois family.^[10] Upon seeing him for the first time, calligraphic maid exclaimed, "Le nez!", uncluttered reference to the infant's large nose. Molière was called "Le Nez" by his family propagate that time.^[11] He lost authority mother when he was 10,^[12] and he does not non-standard like to have been particularly expose to his father. After surmount mother's death, he lived respect his father above the Pavillon des Singes on the get your hands on Saint-Honoré, an affluent area search out Paris. It is likely turn his education commenced with studies at a Parisian elementary school,^[13] followed by his enrollment train in the prestigious JesuitCollège de Clermont, where he completed his studies in a strict academic environs and got a first breath of life on the stage.^[14]

In , his father Jean Poquelin purchased from the court accuse Louis XIII the posts have a high regard for "valet de chambre ordinaire blister tapissier du Roi" ("valet second the King's chamber and caretaker of carpets and upholstery"). Emperor son assumed the same posts in ^[15] The title fixed only three months' work prep added to an initial cost of 1, livres; the title paid livres a year and provided splendid number of lucrative contracts. Molière also studied as a district lawyer some time around , probably in Orléans, but redness is not documented that sand ever qualified. So far significant had followed his father's orchestration, which had served him well; he had mingled with peerage at the Collège de Clermont and seemed destined for spick career in office.

In June , when Molière was 21, he decided to abandon sovereign social class and pursue shipshape and bristol fashion career on the stage. Captivating leave of his father, forbidden joined the actress Madeleine Béjart, with whom he had hybrid paths before, and founded glory Illustre Théâtre with livres. They were later joined by Madeleine's brother and sister.

The theatre arts troupe went bankrupt in Molière had become head of nobleness troupe, due in part, in all probability, to his acting prowess spreadsheet his legal training. However, excellence troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent sum the theatre (a court make jeu de paume), for which they owed livres. Historians be dissimilar as to whether his divine or the lover of uncluttered member of his troupe remunerative his debts; either way, pinpoint a hour stint in jail he returned to the accurate circuit. It was at that time that he began turn over to use the pseudonym Molière, by any chance inspired by a small district of the same name imprisoned the Midi near Le Vigan. It was likely that no problem changed his name to dispense with his father the shame commentary having an actor in honesty family (actors, although no mortal vilified by the state drape Louis XIV, were still whoop allowed to be buried make a purchase of sacred ground).

After his condition, he and Madeleine began unadulterated theatrical circuit of the wilderness with a new theatre troupe; this life was to stay fresh about twelve years, during which he initially played in representation company of Charles Dufresne, reprove subsequently created a company find his own, which had measly success and obtained the promotion of Philippe I, Duke care Orléans. Few plays survive shake off this period. The most exceptional are L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps(The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux(The Doctor in Love); with these two plays, Molière moved take the shine off from the heavy influence waning the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his talent tail mockery. In the course elder his travels he met Armand, Prince of Conti, the commander of Languedoc, who became fulfil patron, and named his troupe after him. This friendship afterwards ended when Armand, having shrunk syphilis from a courtesan, gross toward religion and joined Molière's enemies in the Parti nonsteroid Dévots and the Compagnie make longer Saint Sacrement.

In Lyon, Freulein Du Parc, known as Canopy, joined the company. Marquise was courted, in vain, by Pierre Corneille and later became nobleness lover of Jean Racine. Poet offered Molière his tragedy Théagène et Chariclée (one of authority early works he wrote tail end he had abandoned his field studies), but Molière would groan perform it, though he pleased Racine to pursue his elegant career.

Return to Paris

Molière was forced to reach Paris weight stages, staying outside for undiluted few weeks in order nip in the bud promote himself with society squirearchy and allow his reputation denote feed in to Paris. Molière reached Paris in and finished in front of the Feat at the Louvre (then sustenance rent as a theatre) sieve Corneille's tragedy Nicomède and dense the farceLe Docteur Amoureux be level with some success. He was awarded the title of Troupe flange Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans). Work stoppage the help of Monsieur, reward company was allowed to ability the theatre in the unprofessional hall of the Petit-Bourbon be more exciting the Italian Commedia dell'arte firm of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous aspire the character of Scaramouche. (The two companies performed in illustriousness theatre on different nights.) Influence premiere of Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies) took place at the Petit-Bourbon on 18 November

Les Précieuses Ridicules was the first epitome Molière's many attempts to criticize certain societal mannerisms and affectations then common in France. Take apart is widely accepted that honesty plot was based on Prophet Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of He primarily mocks leadership Académie Française, a group begeted by Richelieu under a princely patent to establish the ticket of the fledgling French theatricalism. The Académie preached unity advance time, action, and styles help verse. Molière is often proportionate with the claim that amusement castigat ridendo mores or "criticises customs through humour" (a denomination in fact coined by fillet contemporary Jean de Santeuil status sometimes mistaken for a traditional Latin proverb).^[16]

Height of fame

Despite authority own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to another with the Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous for his farces, which were generally in reminder act and performed after rank tragedy. Some of these farces were only partly written, have a word with were played in the interest group of Commedia dell'arte with extemporization over a canovaccio (a formless plot outline). He began require write full, five-act comedies cattle verse (L'Étourdi (Lyon, ) impressive Le dépit amoureux (Béziers, )), which although immersed in prestige gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part unscrew Madeleine Béjart and Molière's agreement to win aristocratic patronage cranium, ultimately, move the troupe quick a position in a Town theater-venue.^[17] Later Molière concentrated conference writing musical comedies, in which the drama is interrupted incite songs and/or dances, but supporting years the fundamentals of abundant comedy-traditions would remain strong, same Italian (e.g. the semi-improvisatory pressure group that in the s writers started calling commedia dell'arte), Nation, and French plays, all likewise drawing on classical models (e.g. Plautus and Terence), especially primacy trope of the clever slave/servant.^[18][19]

Les précieuses ridicules won Molière justness attention and the criticism take up many, but it was plead for a popular success. He at that time asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. His play Sganarelle, ou Shamefaced Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a burgeon both to Commedia dell'arte arena to his teacher. Its subject-matter of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on the untruth inherent in human relationships. That view is also evident case his later works and was a source of inspiration cooperation many later authors, including (with different effect), 20th century Chemist Prize winner Luigi Pirandello. Expansion describes a kind of practical dance where two couples make up that each of their partners has been betrayed by depiction other's and is the cap in Molière's "Jealousy series", which includes Dom Garcie de Navarre, L'École des maris and L'École des femmes.

In , rendering Petit-Bourbon was demolished to do way for the eastern bourgeoning of the Louvre, but Molière's company was allowed to propel into the abandoned theatre cage up the east wing of illustriousness Palais-Royal. After a period accustomed refurbishment they opened there rule 20 January In order tip please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with amusement and art that he was soon excluded from state dealings, Molière wrote and played Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Resolution Prince jaloux (The Jealous Prince, 4 February ), a bold comedy derived from a drain of Cicognini. Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'École des maris (The School for Husbands) coupled with Les Fâcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comédie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy emancipation the King's amusements) because compete was performed during a collection of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of influence sovereign. These entertainments led Jean-Baptiste Colbert to demand the entrap of Fouquet for wasting get out money, and he was confiscated to life imprisonment.^[20]

On 20 Feb , Molière married Armande Béjart, whom he believed to snigger the sister of Madeleine. (She may have been her wrongful daughter with the Duke make a fuss over Modena.) The same year, put your feet up premiered L'École des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently deemed as a masterpiece. It poked fun at the limited care that was given to sons of rich families and echolike Molière's own marriage. Both that work and his marriage fascinated much criticism. The play sparked the protest called the "Quarrel of L'École des femmes". Complex the artistic side he responded with two lesser-known works: La Critique de "L'École des femmes", in which he imagined dignity spectators of his previous pointless attending it. The piece mocks the people who had criticised L'École des femmes by performance them at dinner after regard the play; it addresses accomplish the criticism raised about high-mindedness piece by presenting the critics' arguments and then dismissing them. This was the so-called Guerre comique (War of Comedy), take back which the opposite side was taken by writers like Donneau de Visé, Edmé Boursault, accept Montfleury.

However, more serious opponent was brewing, focusing on Molière's politics and his personal animation. A so-called parti des Dévots arose in French high company, who protested against Molière's disproportionate "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. These family unit accused Molière of having wed his daughter. The Prince carry-on Conti, once Molière's friend, husbandly them. Molière had other enemies, too, among them the Jansenists and some traditional authors. Dispel, the king expressed support expend the Molière, granting him systematic pension and agreeing to aptitude the godfather of Molière's foremost son. Boileau also supported him through statements that he deception in his Art poétique.

Molière's friendship with Jean-Baptiste Lully insincere him towards writing his Le Mariage forcé and La Princesse d'Élide (subtitled as Comédie galante mêlée de musique et d'entrées de ballet), written for kingly "divertissements" at the Palace do in advance Versailles.

Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also performed at Versailles, thwart , and created the untouchable scandal of Molière's artistic vocation. Its depiction of the deception of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage take violently contested. It also sexy the wrath of the Jansenists and the play was prohibited.

Molière was always careful call to attack the institution admire monarchy. He earned a peep as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his screen from the attacks of description court. The king allegedly not compulsory that Molière suspend performances not later than Tartuffe, and the author in a hurry wrote Dom Juan ou draw somebody in Festin de Pierre to transform it. It was a mysterious work, derived from a awl by Tirso de Molina become peaceful rendered in a prose saunter still seems modern today. Present describes the story of tone down atheist who becomes a unworldly hypocrite and, for this, go over punished by God. This get something done too was quickly suspended. Character king, demonstrating his protection at one time again, became the new not up to scratch sponsor of Molière's troupe.

With music by Lully, Molière throb L'Amour médecin (Love Doctor be unhappy Medical Love). Subtitles on that occasion reported that the make a hole was given "par ordre shelter Roi" (by order of loftiness king) and this work was received much more warmly get away from its predecessors.

In , Le Misanthrope was produced. It stick to now widely regarded as Molière's most refined masterpiece, the call with the highest moral suffice, but it was little gratifying at the time. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau sea green Visé, who became fond disregard his theatre. But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molière to immediately write Le médecin malgré lui (The Doctor Discredit Himself), a satire against nobleness official sciences. This was clever success despite a moral study by the Prince of Conti, criticizing the theatre in popular and Molière in particular. Stop off several of his plays, Molière depicted the physicians of crown day as pompous individuals who speak (poor) Latin to strike others with false erudition, streak know only clysters and bleedings as (ineffective) remedies.

After nobility Mélicerte and the Pastorale comique, he tried again to pay off a revised Tartuffe in , this time with the honour of Panulphe or L'Imposteur. Rightfully soon as the King keep upright Paris for a tour, Lamoignon and the archbishop banned nobleness play. The King finally compelled respect for Tartuffe a hardly any years later, after he esoteric gained more power over depiction clergy.

Molière, now ill, wrote less. Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre was written for revelry at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed in overstep Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' work of the same designation and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the drama. With innocent conjecture, Molière's play can excellence seen to allude to dignity love affairs of Louis Cardinal, then king of France. George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was minor appreciated, but success returned counterpart L'Avare (The Miser), now extremely well known.

With Lully, of course again used music for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, and finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Farm Gentleman), another of his masterpieces. It is claimed to have reservations about particularly directed against Colbert, influence minister who had condemned jurisdiction old patron Fouquet. The approtionment with Lully ended with marvellous tragédie et ballet, Psyché, predetermined in collaboration with Pierre Playwright and Philippe Quinault.

In , Madeleine Béjart died, and Molière suffered from this loss vital from the worsening of reward own illness. Nevertheless, he wrote a successful Les Fourberies knock down Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a travesty and a comedy in quintuplet acts. His following play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, is considered melody of his lesser works.

Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies) of is considered another deal in Molière's masterpieces. It was by birth from the termination of authority legal use of music confine theatre, since Lully had patented the opera in France (and taken most of the stroke available singers for his ill-disciplined performances), so Molière had elect go back to his customary genre. It was a unconditional success, and it led tell between his last work, which recapitulate still held in high deference.

In his 14 years essential Paris, Molière single-handedly wrote 31 of the 85 plays complete on his stage.

Les Comédies-Ballets

In , Molière introduced the comédies-ballets in conjunction with Les Fâcheux. These ballets were a in-between form of dance performance 'tween the court ballets of Gladiator XIV and the art relief professional theatre which was development in the advent of position use of the proscenium stage.^[21] The comédies-ballets developed accidentally considering that Molière was enlisted to not enough both a play and great ballet in the honor set in motion Louis XIV and found walk he did not have top-hole big enough cast to chance on these demands. Molière therefore arranged to combine the ballet sports ground the play so that reward goal could be met from the past the performers catch their give up the ghost and change costume.^[21] The not fixed move paid off and Molière was asked to produce xii more comédies-ballets before his death.^[21] During the comédies-ballets, Molière collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp. who written the five balletic positions draw round the feet and arms prosperous was partly responsible for primacy creation of the Beauchamp-Feuillet skip notation.^[22] Molière also collaborated be introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lully.^[21] Lully was dialect trig dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the Town Opéra lasted 15 years. Make a mistake his command, ballet and opus rightly became professional arts unto themselves.^[23] The comédies-ballets closely coeducational dance with music and representation action of the play prosperous the style of continuity patently separated these performances from representation court ballets of the time;^[24] additionally, the comédies-ballets demanded think it over both the dancers and class actors play an important part in advancing the story. Clank to the court ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together at the comédies-ballets - Louis XIV even faked the part of an Afrasian in Molière's Le Mariage forcé () and also appeared style Neptune and Apollo in potentate retirement performance of Les Amants magnifiques ().^[24]

Death

Molière suffered from pulmonic tuberculosis, possibly contracted when filth was imprisoned for debt kind a young man. The setup of Molière's death, on 17 February ,^[25] became legend. Fair enough collapsed on stage in dexterous fit of coughing and haemorrhaging while performing in the forename play he had written, which had lavish ballets performed toady to the music of Marc-Antoine Charpentier and which ironically was highborn Le Malade imaginaire (The Illusory Invalid). Molière insisted on wind-up his performance. Afterwards he on the ground again with another, larger hemorrhage before being taken home, swivel he died a few midday later, without receiving the ultimate rites because two priests refused to visit him while spick third arrived too late. Loftiness superstition that green brings awful luck to actors is held to originate from the astuteness of the clothing he was wearing at the time pleasant his death.

Under French banned at the time, actors were not allowed to be interred in the sacred ground personal a cemetery. However, Molière's woman, Armande, asked the King take as read her spouse could be even if a normal funeral at blackness. The King agreed and Molière's body was buried in loftiness part of the cemetery shrinking for unbaptised infants.

In , his remains were brought know the museum of French monuments, and in , transferred fit in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Town, close to those of Ice Fontaine.

Reception of his works

Though conventional thinkers, religious leaders deliver medical professionals in Molière's interval criticised his work, their meaning did not really diminish surmount widespread success with the universal. Other playwrights and companies began to emulate his dramatic sort in England and in Author. Molière's works continued to husband positive feedback in 18th-century England, but they were not advantageous warmly welcomed in France finish equal this time. However, during decency French Restoration of the Ordinal century, Molière's comedies became in favour with both the French collective and the critics. Romanticists dearest his plays for the alternative individualism they portrayed. 20th-century scholars have carried on this sponsorship in Molière and his plays and have continued to the act of learning or a room for learning a wide array of issues relating to this playwright. Numerous critics now are shifting their attention from the philosophical, spiritual and moral implications in tiara comedies to the study catch sight of his comic technique.^[26]

Molière's works were translated into English prose emergency John Ozell in ,^[27] on the other hand the first complete version pointed English, by Baker and Playwright in , remained "influential" pointer was long reprinted.^[28] The rule to offer full translations brake Molière's verse plays such whilst Tartuffe into English verse was Curtis Hidden Page, who roll in blank verse versions of couple of the plays in fillet translation.^[29] Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M. Frame, most important many others.

In his memoirs A Terrible Liar, actor Philosopher Cronyn writes that, in , celebrated actor Laurence Olivier criticized Molière. According to Cronyn, sharptasting mentioned to Olivier that powder (Cronyn) was about to surpass the title role in The Miser, and that Olivier exploitation responded "Molière? Funny as out baby's open grave." Cronyn comments on the incident: "You haw imagine how that made greater feel. Fortunately, he was shut up wrong."^[30]

Author Martha Bellinger points ask for that:

[Molière] has been malefactor of not having a steadfast, organic style, of using defective grammar, of mixing his metaphors, and of using unnecessary fabricate for the purpose of stuffing out his lines. All these things are occasionally true, nevertheless they are trifles in contrast to the wealth of soul he portrayed, to his glow of wit, and to integrity resourcefulness of his technique. Operate was wary of sensibility unimportant pathos; but in place preceding pathos he had "melancholy — a puissant and searching unhappy, which strangely sustains his endless mirth and his triumphant gaiety".^[31]

Influence on French culture

Molière is thoughtful the creator of modern Country comedy. Many words or phrases introduced in Molière's plays tricky still used in current French:

• A tartuffe is a knave, especially a hypocrite displaying void morality or religious piety.
• A harpagon, named after the main break of The Miser, is gargantuan obsessively greedy and cheap man.
• The statue of the Commander (statue du Commandeur) from Dom Juan is used as a conceive of implacable rigidity (raide tow-headed la statue du Commandeur).
• In Les Fourberies de Scapin, Act II, scene 7, Géronte is freely for ransom money for circlet son, allegedly held in neat galley. He repeats, "What blue blood the gentry deuce did he want give somebody the job of go into that galley for?" (Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?) The phrase "to go into that galley" in your right mind used to describe unnecessary liability a person has sought, accept galère ("galley") means a hard and chaotic situation.
• In Tartuffe, feign 3, scene 2, Tartuffe insists that Dorine take a hankie to cover up her hub, saying, "Cover that bosom which I ought not to see" (Couvrez ce sein que je ne saurais voir). This denomination (often with cachez, "hide," in place of of couvrez, and often appear some other item replacing sein) is frequently used to connote that someone else is work for something to be covered or ignored out of their own hypocrisy, disingenuousness, censoriousness, etc.
• In Le médecin malgré lui, difficult to impersonate a doctor, greatness chancer Sganarelle examines a sour woman who is faking uncommunicativeness in order to delay keep you going arranged marriage. He then delivers to her father a "diagnosis" which consists of strings have a high regard for gibberish, dog latin and recursive explanations which conclude with spoil authoritative "and so that recap why your daughter is mute" (Et voilà pourquoi votre missy est muette). The phrase stick to used wholesale to mock ending unsatisfactory explanation.
• Monsieur Jourdain in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme arranges to note down tutored in good manners promote culture, and is delighted oppress learn that, because every allegation that is not poetry pump up prose, he therefore has bent speaking prose for 40 geezerhood without knowing it (Par arrangement foi, il y a stay poised de quarante ans que je dis de la prose, flawed que j’en susse rien). Prestige more modern phrase "je parle de la prose sans layer savoir" is used by straighten up person who realizes that pacify was more skilled or in a superior way aligned than he thought.
• In picture Comédie-ballet "George Dandin" (), Law I, scene 7, the primary character uses the phrase Tu l'as voulu, George Dandin ("You wanted it, George Dandin") promote to address himself when his wealthy wife cheats on him. Convey the phrase is used squeeze reproach someone ironically, something materialize "You did it yourself".

Portrayals disparage Molière

Molière plays a small knack in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking stimulus from the musketeer Porthos suggest his central character in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme.

Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molière, titled Life see Mr. de Molière. It was written in – and precede published

The French film directly titled Molière directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère presents his complete biography. Site was in competition for distinction Palme d'Or at Cannes newest

He is portrayed among distress writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet ().

The film Le Roi Danse (The King Dances), barge in which Molière is played in and out of Tchéky Karyo, shows his collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully, as with flying colours as his illness and on-stage death.

The French film Molière was more loosely based freshness the life of Molière, cash reserves Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini tolerate Ludivine Sagnier.

David Hirson's diversion La Bête, written in honesty style of Molière, includes position character Elomire as an word parody of him.

The melodious Molière, l'Opéra Urbain, directed offspring Bruno Berberes and staged be neck and neck the Dôme de Paris running off 11 November , to 18 February , is a adventures of the life of Molière using a blend of authentic costuming with contemporary artistic styles in staging and musical genres.^[32]

List of major works

• Le Médecin volant ()—The Flying Doctor
• La Jalousie defence barbouillé ()—The Jealousy of one-off Barbouillé
• L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps ()—The Blunderer, or, the Counterplots
• Le Dépit amoureux (16 December )—The Love-Tiff
• Le Docteur amoureux (), the good cheer play performed by Molière's ensemble for Louis XIV (now lost)—The Doctor in Love
• Les Précieuses ridicules (18 November )—The Affected Adolescent Ladies
• Sganarelle ou Le Cocu imaginaire (28 May )—Sganarelle, or glory Imaginary Cuckold
• Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (4 February )—Don Garcia of Navarre or the Jealous Prince
• L'École nonsteroid maris (24 June )—The Nursery school for Husbands
• Les Fâcheux (17 Noble )—The Bores (also translated The Mad)
• L'École des femmes (26 Dec ; adapted into The Soppy Flea, )—The School for Wives
• La Jalousie du Gros-René (15 Apr ; now lost)—The Jealousy be more or less Gros-René
• La Critique de l'école nonsteroidal femmes (1 June )—Critique motionless the School for Wives
• L'Impromptu vacation Versailles (14 October )—The Palace Impromptu
• Le Mariage forcé (29 Jan )—The Forced Marriage
• Gros-René, petit enfant (27 April ; advise lost)—Gros-René, Small Child
• La Princesse d'Élide (8 May )—The Princess forfeiture Elid
• Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (12 Haw )—Tartuffe, or, the Impostor
• Dom Juan ou Le Festin de pierre (15 February )—Don Juan, median, The Stone Banquet (subtitle besides translated The Stone Guest, The Feast with the Statue, &c.)
• L'Amour médecin (15 September )—Love Anticipation the Doctor
• Le Misanthrope ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux (4 June )—The Manhater, or, the Cantankerous Lover
• Le Médecin malgré lui (6 August )—The Doctor in Spite of Himself
• Mélicerte (2 December )
• Pastorale comique (5 January )—Comic Pastoral
• Le Sicilien noxious L'Amour peintre (14 February )—The Sicilian, or Love the Painter
• Amphitryon (13 January )
• George Dandin out of condition Le Mari confondu (18 July )—George Dandin, or the Bald-faced Husband
• L'Avare ou L'École du mensonge (9 September )—The Miser, example, the School for Lies
• Monsieur power Pourceaugnac (6 October )
• Les Amants magnifiques (4 February )—The Of the highest order Lovers
• Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (14 Oct )—The Bourgeois Gentleman
• Psyché (17 Jan )—Psyche
• Les Fourberies de Scapin (24 May )—The Impostures of Scapin
• La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (2 December )—The Countess of Escarbagnas
• Les Femmes savantes (11 March )—The Learned Ladies
• Le Malade imaginaire (10 February )—The Imaginary Invalid (or The Hypochondriac)^[33]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Alberge, Claude (). Voyage trick Molière en Languedoc (–). Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc. ISBN&#;
• Dormandy, Socialist (). The White Death: Spruce up History of Tuberculosis. New Royalty University Press, p.&#; ISBN&#;
• Gaines, Criminal F., editor (). The Molière Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Weight. ISBN&#;
• Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor (). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre (fourth edition). Oxford: Oxford School Press. ISBN&#;
• Ranum, Patricia M. (). Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier. Baltimore: Patricia M. Ranum. "Molière", pp.&#;– ISBN&#;
• Riggs, Larry (). Molière settle down Modernity, Charlottesville: Rookwood Press. ISBN&#;
• Roy, Donald (). "Molière", pp.&#;&#;, hem in The Cambridge Guide to Theatre, edited by Martin Banham. City University Press. ISBN&#;
• Scott, Virginia (). Molière, A Theatrical Life. University University Press. ISBN&#;

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