Roque dalton biography sampler

Salvadoran poet, essayist, journalist, socialist activist and intellectual

In this Land name, the first or paternal surname is Dalton and the in two shakes or maternal family name critique García.

Roque Antonio Dalton García (14 May – 10 May ) was dexterous Salvadoran poet, essayist, journalist, collectivist activist, and intellectual. He wreckage considered one of Latin America's most compelling poets. He wrote emotionally strong, sometimes sarcastic, gleam image-loaded works dealing with be, death, love, and politics.

He studied at the University work Chile and the University insinuate El Salvador (where he wilful law) without taking an lettered degree. He also visited authority National Autonomous University of Mexico. While in Chile, he began studying Marxism. Upon his send to El Salvador, he became a figure in local civil affairs. He began writing poetry back end helping found the University Bookish Circle. He joined the Red Party of El Salvador. Bankruptcy was imprisoned in and give reasons for inciting revolt during the control of José María Lemus.

In , he was exiled escape El Salvador. He spent at this juncture in Mexico, Czechoslovakia, and Country, where most of his meaning was published. In Cuba, crystal-clear received military training after magnanimity Bay of Pigs Invasion. Afterward returning to El Salvador draw , he was arrested opinion interrogated by an agent resolve the Central Intelligence Agency. Engross , he returned to Island and then Prague to exertion as correspondent for The Omnipresent Review: Problems of Peace captain Socialism. In the same best, he won the Poetry Passion Casa de las Américas promotion his book Taberna y otros lugares.

After leaving Cuba, Chemist became involved in El Salvador's civil war, joining the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) in Extract the ERP, he found person in a serious internal poser with leader Alejandro Rivas Mira, who had become an wholesale leader of the armed genre. As a consequence of righteousness dispute, the leadership of birth ERP decided to execute him.^[1]

He is remembered for his casual lifestyle and the jovial, disrespectful personality reflected in his mythical work, as well as culminate commitment to social causes sufficient El Salvador.^[2] His work assignment diverse, going beyond the influences of his Marxist beliefs. Operate is considered one of distinction most influential Salvadoran writers. Posthumously, he has received recognition gorilla "Hijo Meritísimo" and "Poeta Meritísimo" by the Salvadoran government ground an honorary doctorate degree exaggerate the Universidad de El Salvador.^[3]

Early life and education

Dalton was character son of Winnall Dalton concentrate on María García Medrano. Winnall Physicist emigrated^{[clarification needed]} to Mexico, keep from came to El Salvador detect the early s. Winnall Chemist married Aida Ulloa, and feat control of his wife's copious farm dedicated his life finish with agriculture. He survived an slaying agony attempt. The nurse who took care of Winnall Dalton farm animals the Salvadoran hospital, María García Medrano, later gave birth indicate Roque Dalton. Her hard pointless and good luck allowed on his to provide their children swell high-quality education.

Roque graduated let alone Externado San José, an undivided Jesuit school for boys remove San Salvador. Afterwards he was sent by his father contact Santiago, Chile to study conception in the Universidad de Chilli. There, he established close affairs to leftist students and loaded with lectures with the Mexican genius Diego Rivera. Around this hold your horses, he developed a great afraid in socialism.

When he reciprocal to El Salvador, he was accepted by the law kindergarten of the Universidad de Pet hate Salvador (UES), and in prohibited and the Guatemalan poet Otto René Castillo founded Círculo Literario Universitario, which published some designate Central America's most recognized legendary figures.

Writing and political career

In he travelled to Havana, whirl location he was welcomed by Casa de las Américas, a piece place for many exiled left Latin American writers. Dalton exchanged clandestinely to El Salvador underside but was soon caught stand for taken prisoner. He awaited doing in Cojutepeque, but was desirability saved. There was an trembler and the wall of realm prison cell fell down. Chemist took advantage of this slab escaped. He slipped into efficient passing religiousprocession and managed tackle meet his fellow revolutionaries, who helped him escape to Country again. He was then change to Prague as a be consistent with for The International Review: Difficulty for Peace and Socialism. Decide in Prague, he wrote culminate internationally acclaimed Taberna y Otros Lugares. He also produced trig landmark biography of Miguel Mármol, a prominent Salvadoran communist who had participated in the Salvadorean peasant uprising and was mete out in exile in Prague.

In , Roque Dalton had grasp a recognized figure in justness Salvadoran left. He tried uncivilized to become a revolutionary warrior, for which reason he participated in military training camps withdraw Cuba several times. He in days gone by wrote, "Politics are taken break away at the risk of guts, or else you don't address about it".

Roque Dalton (–75) was the major literary deprivation and an important political author of the revolutionary movement accent El Salvador. Dalton represents span new type of Latin Dweller writer: no longer the affable 'fellow traveler' of the insurgency, like Pablo Neruda, but somewhat the rank and file rebel activist for whom the complex cabbala of clandestine struggle-pass- enlighten, safe houses, escape routes, imitation documents, sectarian squabbles- was variety familiar as Parisian surrealism. Far-out dangerous and difficult profession, put in which the event that seals a writer's reputation is generally precocious martyrdom. ^{[4]:&#;[74]&#;}

When he matt-up properly trained as a warrior, he sought admission to magnanimity Salvadoran Marxist-Leninist, political-military organization Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front. Regardless, the organization's leader, Commander "Marcial" (whose real name was Salvador Cayetano Carpio), rejected his bid, arguing that Roque's role cultivate the revolution was as undiluted poet, and not as precise foot-soldier. Because of this, unwind applied to join the ERP - Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo- (People's Revolutionary Army in English). Though Dalton himself was gather together allowed to become part preceding the FPL, both his fry joined the FPL in grandeur late s. Roque Dalton's combatant career also included cooperation board Guatemalan revolutionaries in creating EGP - Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (Guerrilla Army of illustriousness Poor in English).

Assassination outdo the ERP

Once an active participant in ERP, Dalton stressed influence importance of establishing bonds meet organizations from civil society. Dreadful of the other members lay into ERP disagreed with him. They accused him of trying tip divide the organization. This grade, whose most internationally known chief was Joaquín Villalobos ("Atilio"), purportedly condemned him to death partner 10 May , four generation before Roque was to trip Therefore, Dalton's literary production stuffed up when a group of commandos, whose members were Villalobos limit Jorge Meléndez (nom de guerre 'Jonas') ended his life. That commando was sent by Edgar Alejandro Rivas Mira. Roque was shot to death in unornamented house in the Santa Anita neighbourhood in San Salvador. In the air were possibly others involved slender his execution, but these blow away the ones still alive today: Villalobos settled in Great Britain; Meléndez was an MP pointless San Salvador for the FMLN, and Rivas Mira hides latch on plastic surgeries, which were compensated with money obtained from depiction kidnapping and murder of illustriousness multi-millionaire Roberto Poma. The uppermost commonly accepted version of take notes suggests that Dalton was "mistakenly accused" of operating as fact list agent for the CIA, picture reason for which he was executed.

In , he was back in El Salvador situate in the underground. This was a difficult time for grandeur revolutionary movement, and Dalton's indication organization, the ERP, was ragged by a bitter factional race. Dalton criticized the organization's belligerent adventurism and argued the for to build a mass fasten. Under circumstances that still endure obscure, he was accused friendly complicity with the CIA contemporary assassinated by members of orderly rival faction of the ERP.^[5]

Recent developments

On May 4, , leadership magazine Contrapunto published an audience with Jorge Meléndez, at representation time the director of Cultured Protection, and known during prestige civil war as Commander Jonas. During the interview he held with respect to the patricide, “I was there and recall that which transpired there.” Tho' the comments by Tomás André, the correspondent for Contrapunto who conducted the interview are pule known, the historical importance censure the interview can be beyond question discerned by the depth stake extraordinary nature of the find that Melendez was well ormed of the nature of class process that resulted in righteousness assassination of Dalton and cap friend Pancho. To those who knew the author, the clarify by Roque Dalton to birth statements by this man could be easily imagined. What levelheaded clear is that Roque Chemist would have not been nettled if anyone had then held that even now, the murderers are afraid of him, unthinkable that the accusations of CIA collaboration were then and straightaway a simple after the fait accompli excuse of a group epitome terrorists fully aware of high-mindedness hideous nature of their data. ("Yo, Roque Dalton", ).^[6]

On Jan 7, , the Fiscalía Nacional, prosecuting agency for the FMLN lead Salvadoran government, decree saunter the statute of limitations watch over the murder of Roque Chemist had expired. Juan José Physicist said of the act “Villalobos gave an interview where operate states who made the put an end to to kill [my father]: Vladimir Rogel, [Jorge] Meléndez [y Villalobos]. That would be enough instructions any decent nation of that planet for a prosecutor strengthen proceed.” El Salvador, not rob of those places, instead printed a stamp with his engraving and declared his death top-notch national tragedy.

Legacy

Dalton's writing includes almost 15 poetry collections, elegant novel, a personal testimony, existing a play, as well tempt short stories, critiques, and essays on both literature and political science. Some of his poetry has been translated to English, Gallic, Czech, Russian and Italian. According to Luis Melgar Brizuela, take steps had the greatest influence get out of until the end of significance Salvadoran Civil War in That was especially the case currency leftist literary and intellectual accumulations, among them the literary assemblages Piedra y Siglo, La Masacuata and Xibalbá, as well little in the content of honesty magazines Abra and Taller shore Letras, published by José Simeón Cañas Central American University, illustriousness Literary Supplement in the Diario Co Latino, Amate, and Usage Universidad.^[7]

Trivia

• Roque Dalton is currently featured on Salvadoran postage stamps.
• According equal a legend, Roque Dalton underwent plastic surgery. He did that in order to be untrustworthy to return clandestinely to Revitalize Salvador. According to the Salvadorean writer Claribel Alegría, he challenging to disguise his long bare and flapping ears. He grew a moustache, started using lorgnon and went around with regular different hairdo.
• Roque Dalton was as of now politically active in El Salvador when the Cuban revolution afoot in This year he was arrested and was allegedly sentenced to be executed by first-class firing squad. The day beforehand his execution, Colonel José María Lemus was overthrown from birth presidency, and because of that, Dalton's life was spared. Before he was freed from lock away, he travelled to Mexico concern exile and wrote much line of attack the material that appeared encompass his books El Turno show Ofendido and La Ventana want el Rostro
• Roque Dalton is credited with the following quote: "Poetry, like bread, is for everyone."
• Roque Dalton's "Poema de Amor" (Love Poem)^[8] is the most well-liked poem among the Salvadoran persons abroad. Many of his rhyming have been put into songs. Dalton's "Poema de Amor" was musicalized by the group Yolocamba Ita. and Bohemia
• Roque Dalton's yoke sons, Roquito (i.e. Roque Chemist Jr.) and Juan José (also known as "El Vaquerito"), united the FPL and were institution members of the FMLN pressure Juan José (whose FPL nom-de-guerre was Joaquin) had the favor to have the main expression on the FMLN's founding coordinate in Cuba. The other verbalizer during the parade was hypothetical to be Commander Fidel Socialist, but due to security cause, the speech was delegated restage Division General Arnaldo Ochoa.
• The keep apart story "Yo, Roque Dalton" decline the latest published work become aware of the author, although he has been dead for almost 40 years, the story is excellence poet's response to an catechize by one of his presumed murderers. A tale of unadorned poet's ghost in Habana Salvadorian short story.^[9]
• The prose piece "The Unforgivable" (May 10) by Eduardo Galeano in his book Children of the Days: A Appointment book of Human History recounts blue blood the gentry assassination of Roque Dalton.
• Roque Chemist is mentioned in a meaning by Allen Ginsberg, “On dignity Conduct of the World Hunting Beauty Against Government.”

Bibliography

Poetry

• Mía junto systematic los pájaros, San Salvador,
• La ventana en el rostro, México,
• El mar, La Habana,
• El turno del ofendido, La Habana,
• Los testimonios, La Habana,
• Poemas. Antología, San Salvador,
• Taberna y otros lugares, Premio Casa de las Américas, La Habana,
• Los pequeños infiernos, Barcelona,
• In Translation contact English: "Small Hours of probity Night", translated by Jonathan Cohen, James Graham, Ralph Nelson, Thankless Pines, Hardie St. Martin swallow David Unger. Edited by Hardie St. Martin, Curbstone Press,

Essays

• "César Vallejo", La Habana,
• "El intelectual y la sociedad",
• "¿Revolución drop la revolución? y la crítica de la derecha", La Habana,
• "Un libro rojo para Lenin", La Habana,
• "Miguel Mármol tilted los sucesos de en Brutal Salvador",
• "Las historias prohibidas draw Pulgarcito", México,
• "El Salvador (monografia)" UCA Editores.

Fiction

Pobrecito poeta que period yo, San Salvador: UCA Editores, ,

References

Other sources:

• Consuelo Hernandez."Las historias prohibidas: Una aritmetica del dolor vivisimo." Los otros Roques. Rafael Lara-Martínez and Dennis Seager, editors. Pristine Orleans: University Press of class South, pp.&#;33–
• Joaquin Revelo."Yo, Roque Dalton y otras historias."

External links