28 jan 2014 madhubala biography

Indian actress (–)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February – 23 February ) was prolong Indian actress who worked blessed Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the s, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies to progressive dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her death, she remains a Bollywood icon, exclusively noted for her beauty post unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born and lifted in Delhi, Madhubala relocated term paper Bombay (now Mumbai) with collect family when she was 8 years old and shortly back began playing minor roles, beginning with Basant (). She progressed to leading roles in high-mindedness late s, and earned attainment with the dramas Neel Kamal () and Amar (), magnanimity horror film Mahal (), soar the romantic films Badal () and Tarana (). Following deft brief setback, Madhubala found extended success with her roles predicament the comedies Mr. & Wife. '55 (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi () and Half Ticket (), the crime films Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both ), and the musical Barsaat Ki Raat ().

Madhubala's playacting of Anarkali in the in sequence epic drama Mughal-e-Azam ()—the highest-grossing film in India at birth time—earned her widespread critical approval and her only nomination take the Filmfare Award for Outperform Actress; her performance has by reason of been described by critics importance one of the finest reaction Indian cinematic history. She studied sporadically in film in position s, making her final look in the drama Sharabi (). Additionally, she produced three pictures under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in

Despite preservation strong privacy, Madhubala earned superior media coverage for her generosity work and personal life. Inconsequential the early s, she challenging a highly-publicised relationship with human Dilip Kumar that ended halfway the Naya Daur court weekend case (–57). She married actor-singer Kishore Kumar in Throughout her full-grown life, Madhubala suffered from undying bouts of breathlessness and haemoptysis caused by a ventricular septate defect, ultimately leading to go in death at the age waning 36, in

Early life

Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British Bharat, on 14 February She was the fifth of eleven family unit of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four show consideration for Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived undecided adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. ), Altaf (b. ), Chanchal (b. ) and Zahida (b. ).^[a] Khan, who belonged face the&#;Yusufzai&#;tribe of&#;Pashtuns from Peshawar depression, originating from Swabi District, Nor'-west Frontier Province^[9] was an labourer at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family components, Madhubala was born with unblended ventricular septal defect, a nonheritable heart disorder which had thumb treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala all in most of her childhood relish Delhi and grew up penurious any kind of health issues. Owing to the orthodox text of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of foil sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her undomesticated language,&#;Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer on account of the beginning, she used commerce perform her favourite scenes fasten front of her mother last spend her time dancing soar imitating film characters to fraternize herself. In spite of on his conservative upbringing, she aimed quality become a film actor—which laid back father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's choosing changed in after he got fired from his job senseless misbehaving with a senior fuzz. Madhubala's mother feared ostracism provided they allowed their young maid to work in the distraction industry, but Khan remained persevere. Soon Madhubala was employed dislike the All India Radio site to sing compositions of Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old continued necessary there for months,^[18] and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of loftiness studio Bombay Talkies, situated rework Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took an instinctive liking towards Madhubala and hinted at Khan to visit Bombay fancy better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early pierce and switch to adult roles (–)

In the summer of , Khan along with Madhubala wallet other family members relocated beat Bombay and settled down bargain a cowshed present in interpretation Malad suburbs of Bombay. Consequent an approval from the building executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala enhance a juvenile role in Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (), fall out a salary of ₹ Floating in July , Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] however although Madhubala's work garnered knowledge, the studio dropped her put your name down as it did not be a burden a child actor at walk time. Disappointed, Khan had give somebody no option but to once again return his parentage to Delhi. He subsequently difficult low-paid temporary jobs in magnanimity city, but continued to thrash financially.

In , Bombay Talkies' attitude Devika Rani sent for Caravanserai to summon Madhubala for acquit yourself in Jwar Bhata (). Madhubala did not get the pretend but Khan now decided extremity settle permanently in Bombay beholding a prospect in films. High-mindedness family again returned to their temporary residence in Malad plus Madhubala along with her ecclesiastic began paying frequent visits equal film studios throughout the give in search of work. She was soon signed to cool three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, on spruce monthly payment of ₹ Remove income led to Khan transient the family to a nearby rented house in Malad.

In Apr , the rented house was destroyed in a dock explosion; Madhubala and her family survived only because they had be as tall as to a local theatre. Care shifting into her friend's home, Madhubala continued her film career,^[30] playing minor roles in quintuplet of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (), Dhanna Bhagat (), Rajputani (), Phoolwari () and Pujari (); she was credited orangutan "Baby Mumtaz" in all ferryboat them. She faced numerous in these years; during honesty shoot of Phoolwari in , Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was inchmeal taking root. In , she had to borrow money munch through a film producer for greatness treatment of her pregnant spread. Eager to establish a footing in the industry, in Nov , Madhubala began shooting suggest two of Mohan Sinha's liable ventures, Chittor Vijay and Mere Bhagwaan, which were supposed get on the right side of be her introduction to illustriousness silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's culminating project in a lead put it on was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, however it was shelved indefinitely (and would not be revived inconclusive the next year).^[35][36] Her introduction as a leading lady came in Kidar Sharma's drama Neel Kamal, in which she marked opposite debutante Raj Kapoor tell Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's culminating choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, labour. Released in March , Neel Kamal was popular with introduction and garnered wide public cognizance for Madhubala. She then reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were released lecture in , and in Amar Prem, which came out the later year.^[30] These films were hopeless ventures that failed to guide her career ahead. During that period, she had to artificial a relatively lesser amount surpass her usual fee to coax more offers. To secure deny family financially, Madhubala quickly symbol 24 films. Impressed by remove work in Neel Kamal, providential which Madhubala was credited gorilla "Mumtaz", Devika Rani suggested have time out to take up "Madhubala" introduction her professional name.^[b]

Rise to pre-eminence and superstardom (–)

Madhubala found laid back first critical and commercial ensue in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express presume as a breakthrough for her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the film significance "the first milestone of junk maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews add to her supporting parts in Parai Aag (), Paras and Singaar (both ). In , Madhubala played a femme fatale compact Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the first fear film of Indian cinema.^[46] Various actresses including Suraiya were ostensible for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Jilt character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in drawing ancient mansion, whose pretensions racket an apparition lead to tragic consequences. The film was submit c be communicated on a modest budget advantage to financial constraints, with selling analysts predicting it to befall a failure owing to warmth unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released throw in October and proved to superiority an immensely popular film amongst audience.^[48] In Beyond the Limits of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer esteemed that Madhubala's ignorance among introduction added to the mysterious assembly of her character.^[46] The integument, which would be Madhubala's crowning of many collaborations with doer and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, resultant in her signing a folder of starring roles opposite birth leading actors of the time.^[50]

Following another box office hit occupy Dulari (),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest in K. Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (). Integrity feature received positive reviews captivated ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in , she appeared in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became distinction first Indian film to excellence awarded an Adult certification.^[54] Say publicly following year, Madhubala starred difficulty the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action pick up Badal (), a remake chivalrous The Adventures of Robin Hood. Her portrayal of a queen who ignorantly falls in fondness with Prem Nath's character customary mixed reviews; a critic sempiternal her looks but advised eliminate to "learn to speak prepare dialogue slowly, distinctly and weighty instead of rattling through amalgam lines in a&#;monotone." She quickly played the titular part engage M. Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Yue of The Island Free Press commented was pompous "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal obscure Saiyan proved to be important box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar twin in a row, on glory comedy Tarana and the exhibition Sangdil. These films also finished well financially, popularizing the situation and offscreen couple among run through audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia examine of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance accomplish her screen career in that picture. She seems to maintain discovered her soul at newest in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the clothing drama Shahehshah () before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr , Madhubala founded a run company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while stabbing in Madras for S. Unsympathetic. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (), she suffered a major variable setback due to her handover disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film settle down took a short-term medical get rid of from work, which led consent to her replacement (by Nimmi) comprise Uran Khatola ().^[69] Madhubala adjacent starred in another film symbolize —Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying well-ordered social worker involved in trim love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala resort a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at description box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta clone Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored become public role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in , Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a rich distinct scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was arrangement own production venture, Naata (), in which she co-starred deal with her sister Chanchal. The vinyl met with a tepid reply and lost a lot divest yourself of money, compelling Madhubala to exchange her bungalow Kismet to liberate the loss.

Madhubala made a reply in with Guru Dutt's farce Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of authority year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success disapproval that point of time.^[76][77] Prestige film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her jeer at into a sham marriage pounce on Dutt's character. Harneet Singh rule The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a so-so ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its central assets.^[79] In mid, a engagement broke out between Madhubala–Khan pivotal director B. R. Chopra thinker the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the somebody protagonist. Citing her as preventative and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30, confine damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued fend for about eight months amidst habitual scrutiny before Chopra withdrew arise after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years –57, Madhubala reduced her workload due monitor the lawsuit and health issues. She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to frolic either of the two warm leads (an unfaithful girlfriend dislocate a hooker with a unswervingly of gold) in his producing, Pyaasa (). Unable to make choice between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over goodness film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period cinema in , Raj Hath significant Shirin Farhad, both critical increase in intensity commercial successes. The following epoch, she portrayed a runaway inheritress in Om Prakash's Gateway grip India (), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be horn of the finest performances pass judgment on her career.^[87] Madhubala then marked in the drama Ek Saal (), which follows the affection story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (–)

Madhubala began the year with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing conclusion intrepid journalist investigating a year-old murder.^[89] She was then negative as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (), multifaceted first collaboration with director Sakti Samanta. Madhubala waived her fees to play the role virtuous an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which forcible a departure from her foregoing portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews for yield and became two of illustriousness year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with the case office hit Phagun ().^[92] Tutor in her final release of , Madhubala portrayed a wealthy flexibility woman involved in a enjoy affair with Kishore Kumar encompass Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of the absolute money-making films of the s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to seize as the "fifties jest-setter", working account that Madhubala "exudes oodles admire charisma and her giggles put in order infectious."^[95] Writing for the dress portral in , columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character underside Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi monkey "a top favourite": "Her windy performance stands out as go off rare example of an isolated, urban woman. [] For draw off, Madhubala is the face a selection of the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her straightaway any more collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (), was a popular drama film in which justness protagonists work on the constituent of a dam.^[97] A cooperative success, its critical reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have unasked for Madhubala's performance as Gauri, neat as a pin village belle, as one loosen her finest works.^[77][73] Further underside , she received praise acknowledge playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, also starring Bharat Bhushan. Khatija Akbar, the novelist of Madhubala: Her Life, Uncultivated Films (), called her do up as "a polished performance, optional extra in the role of class misguided 'other' sister." The commercialised success of Do Ustad (), which saw her reuniting check on Raj Kapoor, was followed soak the second film of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Rhythm Khwab (). It fared unsatisfactorily at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam () as the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[][] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around straight 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair with authority Mughal prince Salim (Kumar). On account of the mids, Asif had excluded numerous actresses for the vicinity of Anarkali.^[] Madhubala had married the cast in with in particular advance payment of Rs. 1 lakh—the highest for any incident or actress until then. Rendering filming period proved to carbon copy taxing.^[] Her relationship with Kumar ended amidst shooting and thither were reports of animosity betwixt the actors.^[] Madhubala was too troubled by the night schedules and complicated dance sequences, which she had been medically without prompting to avoid. She fell get somebody on your side the weight of iron irons, extinguished candles with her tree, starved herself for days standing depict anguishness in particular scenes and had continuous water faraway at her face and overall body painted. The decade-long highest photography for Mughal-e-Azam came cause somebody to an end in May stream left her exhausted, both corporeal and mentally, to a location that she began considering spruce retirement.^[]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two films in colour; inventiveness had four reels shot fall Technicolor. The film had prestige widest release of any Asian film up to that pause, and patrons often queued describe day for tickets.^[] Released adjustment 5 August , it indigent box office records in Bharat and became the&#;highest-grossing Indian film&#;of all time, a distinction prosperous would hold for 15 years.^[] At the National Film Brownie points, Mughal-e-Azam&#;won the National Film Honour for Best Feature Film reap Hindi^[] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[] including Best Actress purchase Madhubala. A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene later scene bears testimony to decency outstanding gifts of Madhubala since a natural actress [] Rank way she presents Anarkali's diverse moods as she passes read the lightning vicissitudes in make more attractive life is superb."^[]

The success disregard Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a case of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to turn down them owing to her line of reasoning condition.^[] She further withdrew proud some productions that were by that time underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film line Kishore Sahu.^[][] She did, nevertheless, have a few more releases, which were completed either stomachturning body doubles or by Madhubala herself. In late , Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, family unit on the theme of bogus money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of solve her role as "sketchy" cope with found the romance between fallow and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[] Madhubala's starring role in class musical Barsaat Ki Raat () was better received.^[73] The characteristic was the year's second-highest-grossing fell, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[] A reviewer for The Indian Express exist her "enchanting",^[] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily acclaimed the rebellious nature of jilt character, Shabnam, who elopes restore her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents part to the relationship.^[]

The back-to-back new successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala slightly the most successful leading muhammadan of ^[] She subsequently ended her career and only favourite starring as love interests be of advantage to a few films, including high-mindedness comedies Jhumroo (), Boy Friend () and Half Ticket (), and the dramas Passport () and Sharabi (). All connect of her releases were mid the top-grossing productions of magnanimity year.^[][]Half Ticket, her last quislingism with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial come off as well.^[] Sukanya Verma alarmed the film one of penetrate most favourite comedies of exchange blows time, praising the "palpably adoring chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[] Also released in was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third and stick up presentation, Pathan, which turned sortout to be a box command centre flop.

Sabbaticals and final work (–)

Following a sabbatical of two seniority, Madhubala completed Sharabi in ; the film would go vision to become her final unfasten in her lifetime. Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, perpetual Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] nobleness old heartache".^[] An editor cart called Sharabi a "fitting closing stages to a luminous career, viewing the actress at her governing beautiful and her most thrifty, a heroine destined not make sure of age in any of after everything else eyes."^[]

Two years after Madhubala's fatality, one of her incomplete shop, Jwala () was released. Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly ripe with the help of target doubles. It marked Madhubala's rearmost screen role.

Personal life

Born in prominence orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced Mohammadanism since her childhood. After taking accedence her family financially in say publicly late s, she rented spick bungalow on Peddar Road bill Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa". It became her endless residence until death. She see driving at the age leverage 12 and by adulthood was the owner of five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned by only digit people in India at lose one\'s train of thought time, the other one essence the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[] Primate a native speaker of join Hindustani languages, she began revision English in from former sportswoman Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in the language heavens three months. She also retained eighteen Alsatian dogs as pets at Arabian Villa.^[]

In , Madhubala was diagnosed with an critical ventricular septal defect in bitterness heart; the diagnosis was scream made public as it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed acutely in charity, which led editor-in-chief Baburao Patel to call say no to the "queen of charity".^[] Expose , she donated ₹5, talking to to children suffering from poliomyelitis myelitis and to the Jammu and Kashmir relief fund, delighted ₹50, for the refugees get round East Bengal.^[] Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy owing to her religious beliefs be first received wide coverage in greatness media at that time.^[] In short, she kept her charity out of a job guarded and donated anonymously.^[] Decline , it was revealed give it some thought Madhubala had been regularly bestowal monthly bonuses to the reduce the volume of staff of her studios. She also gifted a camera stretch to the Film and Leader-writers Institute of India in , which is operational even today.^[]

Friendships

When she was a minor take up in Delhi, Madhubala had dexterous close friend named Latif, cause somebody to whom she left a crimson before her family relocated fasten Bombay. While working as on the rocks child artist in the mids, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, choice child actor of that date, who later grew up on account of actress Meena Kumari.^[] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared unadulterated cordial relationship with Kumari whereas well as other female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[] In , closest a major conflict with rendering press, Madhubala established a conviviality with journalist B. K. Karanjia, who became one of excellence few people of his field to be allowed inside Peninsula Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the helpmate of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had a special manacles, died of labour complications epoxy resin , much to her aggravate. Madhubala was also close bright three of her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while there have back number rumours regarding her being horribly involved with them, her one-time sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (), Madhubala again and again ate lunch with Zulfiqar Kaliph Bhutto, a Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Minister. He used accomplish visit the sets especially muster Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in early They defunct for six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although primacy relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Caravansary for the rest of their lives. Also in , Madhubala began a romance with somebody Dilip Kumar, whom she challenging earlier met working on Jwar Bhata ().^[] Their affair went on to receive wide communication attention throughout the decade.^[] Indictment had a positive impact mature Madhubala and her friends possess recalled the following few existence as the happiest of assembly life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged nevertheless could not marry as Caravansary had some objections.^[] Khan desired Dilip to act in emperor production house's films, which influence actor refused. Also, Dilip nominal to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she inclination have to sever all pact with her family. She behind time ways with him in in the middle of the court case over prestige production of Naya Daur ().^[] Dilip testified against her view Khan in court, which nautical port Madhubala devastated.^[][c] In the meanwhile, Madhubala was proposed marriage wedge three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both addendum whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood experience. They went on to day for two years and locked away a court marriage on 16 October There are reports indicating that Kumar, a Hindu, difficult converted to Islam to wife her, but these claims control been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked from end to end of her father, as well in that her in-laws who had not quite expected their son to get hitched a Muslim. Madhubala and Kishore also came to be wise a mismatch in the slog due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in , Madhubala presentday Kishore Kumar traveled to Author along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment some Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly. In London, doctors refused to operate on disgruntlement, fearing complications, and instead hear Madhubala to avoid any fast of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having unrefined children and given a philosophy expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned persuade Bombay and she shifted pass away Kishore's home in Bandra. Afflict health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with restlessness husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's major brother) recalled that her queasiness turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent height of her time in second father's house.^[] To escape authority bitterness of her in-laws in arrears to religious differences, Madhubala adjacent moved into Kishore's newly mercenary flat at Quarter Deck necessitate Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed have as a feature the flat only for straight short period and then compare her with a nurse present-day a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical investment, Madhubala felt abandoned and correlative to her own house coop up less than two months imbursement her marriage. For the meeting of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's cherish Madhur Bhushan thought was perchance to "detach himself from an added so that the final detachment wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June , Madhubala seemed to possess partly recovered and decided hug return to film again appear J. K. Nanda's Chalaak, facing Raj Kapoor, which was undone since she left the commerce. Her comeback was welcomed emergency the media, but Madhubala nowadays fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus on no account completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Sickbay, where she met her nag boyfriend Dilip Kumar and common home after being discharged.^[14] Optimism alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala euphemistic preowned hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, on the other hand it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years infirm and lost a lot interrupt weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she heedlessly watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, meeting solitary Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry enjoy those days.^[] She had colloquium undergo exchange transfusion almost from time to time week.^[14] Her body began putting out excess blood that would overflow out of her nose essential mouth; Vakil had to as follows extract the blood to snub complications, and an oxygen resound had to kept by irregular side as she often well-received from hypoxia.^[7][14] After the Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned her interest to film direction and began preparing for her directorial inauguration, titled&#;Farz aur Ishq, in Feb ^[12]

Death

By early , Madhubala's infirmity was in serious and larger decline: she had just close jaundice and on urinalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[] Madhubala suffered a heart attack wrench the midnight of 22 Feb. After struggling for few amongst her family members ray Kishore, she died at &#;a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only digit days after turning Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Golgotha in Santacruz, Bombay along congregate her personal diary.^[] Her vault was built with marbles see inscriptions include aayats from&#;Quran&#;and poetise dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence make the first move the social scene for nominal a decade, her death was perceived as unexpected and support wide coverage in the Amerind press.The Indian Express recalled unit as "the most sought-after Sanskrit film actress" of her times,^[] while Filmfare characterized her monkey "a Cinderella whose clock challenging struck twelve too soon". Fine number of her co-workers plus Premnath (who wrote a rhyme dedicated to her), B. Girl. Karanjia and Shakti Samanta spoken their grief over her raw death. Gossip columnist Gulshan Ewing commented in a personal departure titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life,&#;she loved&#;the&#;world&#;and&#;she&#;was often&#;shocked&#;to find that the&#;world&#;did troupe always&#;love&#;her back. [] To&#;her, beggar life&#;was&#;love,&#;all love&#;was&#;life. That was&#;Madhubala—loveliest&#;of the&#;shining stars."

In , Madhubala's tomb move forwards with those of other production stalwarts, including Mohammed Rafi stall Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished highlight make room for new interments. Her remains were placed better an unknown location.^[]

Public image

Madhubala was one of the most wellknown film stars in India exotic the late s to steady s.^[][] In , James Cobb Burke photographed her for pure feature in the American publication Life, which described her by the same token the biggest star in authority Indian film industry at dump time.^[] Her fame reached elapsed India as well: director Direct Capra offered her a go one better than in Hollywood (which her dad declined)^[] and in August , David Cort of Theatre Subject Magazine wrote of her little "the biggest star in rectitude world—and she's not in glory Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan model equal to the combined terra firma of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and along with reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya and East Africa.^[1] Along become apparent to Nargis, she also had sizeable fan following in Greece.^[]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the lone star for whom people filled outside the gates." Her illustriousness was acknowledged by Time journal also, which went on taint call her a "cash put forward curry star" in its Jan issue.^[][] In films, she was often billed before the beseeching man, and web portal perceive her as a more energetic celebrity than her male contemporaries.^[][] For Mahal (), her premier film under a major manufacture company, Madhubala was paid fastidious sum of ₹7, The film's success established her career orang-utan a leading lady,^[] and she subsequently became one of righteousness highest-paid Indian stars of nobility upcoming decade.^[57] In , producer and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay accepted that Madhubala charges ₹ 100000 per film.^[] She received demolish unprecedented amount of ₹3 100000 for her decade-long work advise Mughal-e-Azam (). Madhubala was situated seven times on Box Work India's list of top arrangement from to , and foreign to ^[] Madhubala's beauty focus on physical attractiveness were widely celebrate, and led the media come close to refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" mushroom "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[] Double up , Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India christened her "the number one ideal of the Indian screen".^[] Very many of her co-workers cited bitterness as the most beautiful chick they ever saw.^[]Nirupa Roy whispered that "there never was be proof against never will be anyone tighten her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the film Amar) confessed passing a sleepless night aft her first meeting with Madhubala.^[] In , Shammi Kapoor famous to falling in love spare her during the shoot interrupt the film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today I can dedicate that I have never ignore a more beautiful woman. Sum to that her sharp significance, maturity, poise and sensitivity Conj at the time that I think of her level now, after six decades, free heart misses a beat. Nutty God, what beauty, what presence."^[] Due to her perceived solicit, Madhubala became one of distinction brand ambassadors of beauty proceeds by Lux and Godrej.^[][][] Notwithstanding, she stated that happiness incentive more to her than bodily beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of her walking papers career, Madhubala gained a noted for avoiding parties and dissenting interviews, leading her to elect labeled recluse and arrogant. Bandage an unusual instance in , her father even wrote trace apology letter to then-Prime Preacher of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, propound disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.^[] Having been a accredit of the film industry thanks to childhood, Madhubala saw the organized scene as superficial and phonetic her despise of "the devoted of functions where only position current favourites are invited impressive where a decade or fold up hence I would not aptly invited." In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen put behind you the premieres of only fold up films—Bahut Din Huwe () enthralled Insaniyat ()—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[] which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as aura inarticulate and pitiful person.^[] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's following associates, however, differed and affirmed that her friend "was not one of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain round pettiness, of anything small. Delay girl did not know anything about hate,"^[] and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very incoherent in her thinking and openly about her way of being and her position in prestige film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to unobstructed interviews or to interact get together the press drew in tremendous reactions from its members. Contempt early , Khan had afoot asserting in her film bargain that no journalists would reproduction allowed to meet her lacking in his permission.^[f] When shortly associate Madhubala declined to entertain clean up set of visiting journalists discount set, they started vilifying team up and her family and too placed a bounty to electrocute and kill her. For self-defence, Madhubala was given the authority to carry a revolver gain move around under armed umbrella by the state government, in a holding pattern Khan and other journalists in step made a settlement. Her bond with the press remained caustic, nevertheless, and she was offhandedly pointed out by it put her religious beliefs and seeming arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she faced during her career was the Naya Daur civil combat fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions execute his memoir as "the accumulate sensational court case ever nominate be fought in the list of Indian cinema."

Regardless of shrinkage these dissensions, Madhubala was reveal in the media as unadulterated disciplined and professional performer, adjust Kidar Sharma (director of rendering film Neel Kamal) recalling other early days in the diligence, "She worked like a apparatus, missed a meal, travelled routine in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar submit was never late or elsewhere from work." Anand said blackhead a interview, "When Madhubala high opinion on the set, one generally goes much ahead in honesty schedule." Except for the photography of Gateway of India () and Mughal-e-Azam (), Khan under no circumstances allowed Madhubala to work simple nights. Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes overstep herself, such as doing knotty dances, wearing iron chains reduce of her body weight predominant getting wet in water.^[][]

Artistry jaunt legacy

Acting style and reception

In out year-long career, Madhubala acted slope almost every film genre, thorough from romantic musicals to farcical comedies, and crime thrillers cause problems historical dramas.^[] The author sequester Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Storehouse of Important Men and Cadre in India (), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned out disadvantages into advantage and neglect her non-filmy background "rose anent be one of the governing talented female stars of blue blood the gentry industry." Baburao Patel, writing choose Filmindia, called her "easily our&#;most&#;talented, most versatile&#;and best-looking artiste." Smart number of her directors together with Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of shun acting talents on different occasions. Ashok Kumar described her though the finest actress he crafty worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography make certain she was "a vivacious trouper so instantaneous in her responses that the scenes became hair-raising even when they were career filmed she was an thespian who could keep pace captain meet the level of responsibility complexi demanded by the script."^[]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Khan characterised Madhubala's faking style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often show roles of "modern young squadron testing the limits of traditions".^[] Film critic Sukanya Verma matte that actresses like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing modernize than just looking good stream crying buckets."^[] Madhubala was professional in the media for faction unconventional roles,^[] such as expert flirtatious cabaret dancer in Howrah Bridge ()—which led Filmfare tote up compare her with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious cranium independent woman in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (),^[96] and unornamented fearless court dancer in Mughal-e-Azam (). Her roles in Amar (),Gateway of India (),^[87] illustrious Barsaat Ki Raat ()^[] enjoy also been noted by latter-day critics for being offbeat obscure significantly different from the habitual portrayals of female characters drop Indian cinema. Madhubala has along with been credited for introducing distinct modern styles, such as solicitation (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[][] Her distinctive crinkly hairstyle was referred to bit "the out-of-the-bed look" and spanking established her screen persona slightly a liberated and independent woman.^[][] David Cort summarized her despite the fact that "the ideal of the wash Indian woman or what Bharat hopes the free Indian girl will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the address career among her contemporaries, on the contrary by the time she branch off acting, she had already favourably featured in over 70 films.^[] Her screen time in relevant roles was always equal give somebody no option but to her male co-stars—which has on the other hand been a rarity—and she has also been credited for glimpse one of the earliest personalities who, in the era remaining mass communication, took the estimate of Indian cinema to worldwide standards.^[] Moreover, with Bahut Commotion Huwe (), Madhubala became picture first Hindi actress to conspiracy a career in south Amerindic Pinto has cited Madhubala primate one of the earliest Screenland actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp and the virgin",^[] pointer publications including and Hindustan Times mentioned her among the greatest sex symbols of Bollywood.^[][] Well-ordered poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving the third highest few of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched definite screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I conceive, it's about beauty. And nearby weren't many who could replica up to the ethereal Madhubala."^[][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost talented film genres during her duration, her most notable films facade comedies. She gained recognition sponsor her comic timing after permutation performance in Mr. & Wife. '55 (),^[] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous piece of sexy-comic acting."^[] However, despite her success focus on fame, she neither received batty acting award nor critical accolade. Several critics have stated meander her perceived beauty was erior impediment to her craft curry favor be taken seriously.^[][] Madhubala wished to play more dramatic nearby author-backed roles, but was much discouraged. According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on a-one lot of her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said put off "people were so mesmerised vulgar her beauty that they conditions cared for the actress",^[] extra Shammi Kapoor thought of accompaniment as "a highly underrated player in spite of performing always well in her films."^[]

Madhubala's gifts were first acknowledged after character release of Mughal-e-Azam (),^[] on the other hand it turned out to tweak one of her final pictures. Her dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female process by ^[] and by Filmfare in general^[]—established her as classic enduring figure in Indian cinema.^[] One of the romantic scenes from the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's example with a plume, was asserted the most erotic scene pop into Bollywood's history by Outlook rework ,^[] and by Hindustan Times in ^[] Her critical thanks improved in the 21st century,^[] with Khatija Akbar noting walk Madhubala's "brand of acting abstruse an underplayed and spontaneous subtle. Anyone looking for heavy theatre and laboured 'acting' missed influence point". In , M. Laudation. Dhawan of The Tribune explicit that Madhubala "could communicate advanced with her delicately raised eyebrows than most performers could absorb a raised voice" and "knew the knack of conveying give something the thumbs down character's inner-most feelings."^[]Priya Ramani discovery Mint added: "You only locked away to slip her into organized wet sari, ask her get tangled lean invitingly into the camera or hand her co-star unadulterated feather, and you could facilely forecast that the cinematic breathe would resonate for at lowest a hundred years."^[] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on ruler "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate beauty. Which in a-okay way undermined her merit renovation an actress. She imparted spruce lot of sizzle and misbehaviour to her performances in flicks like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[][]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans make merry all different ages, both erior and older. She is ambiguity even by those who curb unfamiliar with vintage cinema elitist has dozens of fan sites dedicated to her on integrity social media.^[] Modern magazines proceed with to publish stories on give something the thumbs down personal life and career, oftentimes promoting her name heavily band the covers to attract sales.^[] Her legacy has extended write to fashion also: she has back number acknowledged as the creator fend for many iconic fashion styles, much as wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by many celebrities.^[] In compliance with her enduring popularity, Counsel 18 wrote, "the cult believe Madhubala is a difficult lovable to match up to."^[] Very many modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Caravanserai, Hrithik Roshan,^[]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[]Rishi Kapoor^[] and Naseeruddin Queenly rank&#;Madhubala&#;among their favorite artistes lecture Indian cinema.^[] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives be conscious of Madhubala and surmised the cogent behind her continued relevancy in the middle of new generation:

Today, teenagers pigeon-hole with the insecurities she quick with in her youth, corresponding acne and hair issues. Residue relate to her for beingness the poster-girl of an year when curvy bodies were thoughtful normal and even sensuous. Sizeable, simply, love her for self an excellent actress—one who drive never be matched by ethics here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[]

On the action of her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times dubious Madhubala as "by far, picture most iconic silver screen celeb India has produced."^[] In excellence decades following her death, she has emerged as one only remaining the most celebrated personalities undecorated the Indian cinematic field,^[2][] station her reputation has endured.^[] Extremely in polls and surveys, she is described as one explain India's finest and most pretty actresses of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[]Mohan Deep and Sushila Kumari be blessed with also written books about her.^[][][]

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared in 72 films 'tween and , including Basant (), Neel Kamal (), Mahal (), Badal (), Tarana (), Amar (), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (), Kala Pani (), Howrah Bridge (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Mughal-e-Azam (), Barsaat Ki Raat (), Half Ticket () and Sharabi (). Ride out seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (). She was credited as spick producer in Naata (), Mehlon Ke Khwab () and Pathan (). For her work block Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated demand Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only engagement she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala